DA 3

HENI FITRI RAHAYU

A.320090037

A

QUESTIONS

1. A suspect appears in court and reacts to a question posed by the judge in the following   way:

A:   You are John Smith?

B:    I’ve been asked that three times already during the investigations.

       You should know by now.

Explain in terms of objectives and situation what is going wrong in this communication.

2. Explain why “language” and “marriage” can also be seen as institutions.

3. What is the similarity between the institution concepts as it is used in section 5.2 and the meaning of word ‘institution’ in the Institutia Oratoria by Quintillian and Calvin’s Religionis Christianae Institutio?

4. Divide fragment (3) using the strategies given in (4).

8. Describe the miscommunication in the following dialogue using the concepts ‘objective’, ‘effect’, and ‘situation’.

A:   (conductor speaking to a passenger in the no-smoking section of a train)

            Sir, there is no smoking here.

B.    (passenger holding up a lit cigarette)

            Then what does it look like I’m doing?

ANSWERS

1. The objective of utterance above is that “A” wants to affirm “B” is a man who names John Smith. The situation of conversation is strained and unsafe.As objective has a specific effect: B makes it clear that the illocution is misunderstanding. The question “You are John Smith?” is asked by someone. It doesn’t function as a means of starting a conversation but as an interview and the B’s answer is disconnect with the question.
2. Because it is used to describe those activities by which individuals construct and maintain a society it is showing as the mediators between individuals and society as a whole, or as the means by which individual can form a society.
3. The similarity between the institution concept and the meaning of the word institutions is can be viewed as the mediators between individuals and society as a whole or as the means by which individuals can form a society.
4. a. Role behavior is to clarify behavioral expectations for a role before the interviewing process begins.

b. Differentiation trends

c. Institutional power

8. The dialogue between two people is occurred miscommunication concept there are to forbidden activities and to be misunderstanding about the utterance of A.

·      The objective is to give the information that “there is no smoking there”. It is included the information discourse, but “B” is miscommunication about information from “A”.

·      The effect is to describe the phenomena that influenced by the forbidden to smoking.

·      The situation is described of evidence of pattern that could influence the interpretation, from the dialogue between A and B is occurred opposite meaning from the understanding of “B”.