DA 1

 

HENI FITRI RAHAYU

A.320090037

A

The 1st to the 3rd meeting assignment of DA

1. Explain in your own words what discourse study is. To answer the question: first examine the three texts (under the activity 1a 1b and 1c) in the book “Discourse Analysis” by David Nunan (page 1-2).

2. Choose one short article in English from a newspaper and find the cohesion and deixis used within the article. Make the interpretation of the meaning of each kind of cohesion and deixis throughout the context of the text.

ANSWERS

1.        Discourse study is the study of language, which is, the interpretation of communicative event in context, so it is perceived to be meaningful.

2.       300 kg of nails collected on C. Jakarta’s streets in 4 months

The Jakarta Post, Monday January 9, 2012

1.      A total of 300 kilograms of nails spread intentionally on the roads in Central  Jakarta was collected by the Sabu Bersih Ranjau (Saber) community from August to November last year.

2.      The community voluntarily patrols regularly to remove nails from the streets.

3.      We have collected 300 kilograms of nails in Central Jakarta only, such as from Jl. Hasyim Ashari, Sawah Besar and around Pasar Senen,” Saber coodinator Siswanto said during a patrol on Sunday.

4.      “Thirty percent of the collected nails were found in front of the presidential palace,” he said.

5.      Most of the nails collected are 3 to 5 centimeters long, he added.

6.      “Every day, during the morning patrol, we collect at least 1 kilogram of nails, but on our night shift, we collect more than that,” Siswanto said. Equipped with magnets on a long stick and flashlights, Saber volunteers patrol Central and West Jakarta from 5:30 a.m. to 10 a.m. and from 5:30 p.m. to p.m.

7.      “West Jakarta has started to see fewer areas prone to nail traps, unlike in Central Jakarta,” he said.

8.      Another Saber volunteer, Rohim, said the members also sometimes patrolled around Pulogadung in East Jakarta.

9.      The type of nail trap in East Jakarta is often made from pieces of umbrella spokes, Rohim said.

10.  Saber believed that the perpetrators were roadside tire-repair men who regularly put nails on roads to stimulate their business.

11.  Saber community currently has 11 members of various backgrounds, such as ojek (motorcycle taxi) drivers, private employees and street sweepers.

12.  The head of security and safety at the Jakarta Traffic Police, Adj. Comr. Yakup Dedy Karyawan, said traffic police officers across the city also conducted similar operations to clean the streets of nails everyday.

13.  He said the Jakarta Police also had one car designed specifically to remove nails from streets.

14.  Yakub said there were two motives behind nail traps, as the perpetrators usually targeted motorcycle drivers and car owners during peak hours.

15.  “The nails are ussually placed by the perpetrators on the street at dawn around 3 a.m. and 4:30 a.m. and before dusk,” he told The Jakarta Post.

16.  “when motorcyclist are in a rush for work or home, this ploy is usually used by tire-repair men to sell tires at a high price. While for cars the motive is purely criminal in that when victims pull over due to a flat tire, the perpetrators take the chance to steal valuables from the cars,” he said.

17.  Yakub advised road users to be cautious when passing areas prone to nail traps, including Jl. Raya Bekasi, Daan Mogot in West Jakarta, Jl. Majapahit in Central Jakarta, Jl. Prof. Dr, Satrio in South Jakarta and Jl. Cakung-Cilincing Raya in North Jakarta.

COHESION ANALYSIS

·         Ellipsis

The second sentence, the word “The community” belong to Ellipses, that is, from “the Sapu Bersih Ranjau (Saber) to be “the community”.

·         Reference ( Personal Reference )

v        The third and sixth sentences, the word “we” refers to “The saber  community”.

v        The fourth and fifth sentence, the word “he” refers to “Saber coodinator Siswanto”.

v        The tenth sentence, the word “their” refers to “roadside tire-repair men”.

v        The thirteenth  sentence, the word “He” refers to the twelve sentence , that is, “Adj. Comr. Yakub Dedy”.

v        The fifteenth sentence, the word “ he” refers to the fourteen sentence, that is, “Yakub”.

·         Conjunction ( Additive )

v        The sixth, eleventh, fourteenth sentences, the word “and” indicates a conjuntion or signals the presentation of additional information.

v        The sixteenth sentence, the word “while” indicates a conjunction or signals the presentation of additional information.

·         Lexical Cohesion ( Synonym )

v        The twelve sentence, “Adj. Comr. Yakub Dedy” has the same meaning to “The head of security and safety at the Jakarta Traffic Police”. It refers back to the previously mentioned entity.

DEIXIS ANALYSIS

·         Person Deixis

v        The third and sixth sentences, the word “we” refers to “Saber community”. It can be used to indicate a segment of a group, excluding the other members of a group.

·         Time Deixis

v        The sixth sentence, the word “Everyday” indicates a simple present, it means the activity is often done regularly.

v        The sixteenth sentence, the word “this” refers to “When motorcyclists are in a rush for work or home”. It indicates the entity ( person, place ) at near the actual place of the utterance in which it is used.